Arc welding, also called stick or MMA welding, uses a flux-coated electrode rod held in a holder. The arc melts the rod and the parts; the flux makes gas and slag that protect the weld. It needs only a welding machine and electrodes, works outdoors and on site, and is widely used for structures, repairs, pipelines and heavy fabrication.
Quick facts
- Process
- Flux-coated consumable electrode
- Common electrodes
- E6013 (general), E7018 (low hydrogen, structural)
- Thickness
- About 2 mm (0.0787 inch) upward
- Equipment
- Transformer, rectifier or inverter welding machine
- Outdoors
- Works well, no gas cylinder
- Usually priced
- Per kg of electrode used, per metre or per part
Which electrode
| Electrode | Use |
|---|---|
| E6013 | General mild steel work, easy to use, smooth bead |
| E7018 | Structural and pressure work, low hydrogen, stronger welds; keep dry |
| Stainless (E308, E316) | Stainless steel parts |
| Hard-facing rods | Building up worn surfaces |
Good to know
- Slag must be chipped off between passes
- Low-hydrogen rods must be kept dry, often in a rod oven
- Slower than MIG on long runs, but easier on site
- Code work needs qualified welders and procedures
What to send
- Drawing with weld sizes, or photos for repairs
- Material and thickness
- Site or workshop work
- Code or inspection needed (for example IS 816, AWS D1.1)
- Quantity or scope
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Questions
- Arc welding or MIG?
- MIG is faster for workshop fabrication; arc welding is simpler on site, outdoors and for repairs.
- Why must E7018 rods be kept dry?
- Damp flux puts hydrogen into the weld, which can cause cracks in thick or high-strength steel.
- Can arc welding join thin sheet?
- It is difficult below about 2 mm (0.0787 inch); MIG or TIG are better for thin sheet.
The figures on this page are typical values for guidance, written by Diemeco from standard engineering practice. They are not a specification: confirm grades and properties with the relevant standard or the supplier's mill test certificate, and tolerances with your workshop. Last checked 29 October 2026.