Material grades
Engineering materials used in Indian manufacturing: equivalent grades across standards, typical properties, heat treatment and uses.
- EN8 steelEN8 (080M40) medium-carbon steel: equivalent grades in IS, DIN, AISI and JIS, typical composition and mechanical properties, heat treatment, machining, welding and uses.
- EN9 steelEN9 (070M55) medium-high carbon steel: equivalents in IS, DIN, AISI and JIS, typical composition and properties, heat treatment and where it is used instead of EN8.
- EN19 steelEN19 (709M40, 42CrMo4, AISI 4140) chromium-molybdenum alloy steel: equivalent grades, composition, strength by condition, heat treatment and typical uses.
- EN24 steelEN24 (817M40, AISI 4340) nickel-chromium-molybdenum steel: equivalents, composition, strength by condition, heat treatment and uses for heavily loaded parts.
- EN31 bearing steelEN31 high-carbon chromium bearing steel (100Cr6, AISI 52100): equivalents, composition, hardening to 60+ HRC, and uses for bearings, rollers, punches and wear parts.
- EN1A free-cutting steelEN1A (230M07) free-cutting mild steel and its leaded version: equivalent grades, composition, machinability, limits and uses for high-volume turned parts.
- SS304 stainless steelSS304 (18/8) austenitic stainless steel: equivalent grades, composition, properties, 304 vs 304L, corrosion limits, machining and welding, and typical uses.
- SS316 stainless steelSS316 molybdenum-bearing austenitic stainless steel: equivalent grades, composition, why it resists chlorides better than 304, 316L, and typical uses.
- Mild steel IS 2062IS 2062 structural mild steel: grades E250 to E450 and quality A, BR, B0 and C, strength and composition limits, equivalents (ASTM A36, S275, S355) and uses.
- D2 tool steelD2 high-carbon high-chromium cold-work tool steel (1.2379, SKD11, "HCHCr"): composition, hardening to 58–62 HRC, wear resistance, and uses for dies and punches.
- H13 hot-work tool steelH13 chromium hot-work tool steel (1.2344, SKD61): composition, hardening, working hardness, nitriding, and uses for die-casting, forging and extrusion dies.
- Aluminium 6061Aluminium 6061 (6061-T6): composition, strength, density, equivalents (EN AW-6061, IS 65032 / HE20), machining, welding, anodising and how it compares with 6063, 6082 and 7075.
- Free-cutting brass (CuZn39Pb3)Free-cutting leaded brass (CuZn39Pb3, CW614N, CZ121, C38500): composition, machinability, forging brass vs free-cutting brass, dezincification and uses for turned parts.
- EN353 case-hardening steelEN353 nickel-chromium-molybdenum case-hardening steel: typical composition, carburising and hardening, case hardness and depth, equivalents and uses for gears and pins.
- C45 steelC45 (1.0503, AISI 1045) medium-carbon steel: equivalents, composition, strength as normalised and hardened and tempered, induction hardening, and how it compares with EN8.
- P20 mould steelP20 (1.2311) prehardened plastic mould steel and P20+Ni (1.2738): composition, supplied hardness, machining, polishing, nitriding, and uses for injection moulds.
- SS410 stainless steelSS410 martensitic stainless steel: composition, hardening, magnetism, corrosion resistance compared with 304, equivalents and uses for valves, pumps and fasteners.
- SS202 stainless steelSS202 low-nickel austenitic stainless steel: composition, why it costs less than 304, corrosion limits, and where it should and should not be used.
- Aluminium 6082Aluminium 6082 (6082-T6, HE30): composition, strength, equivalents, machining, welding and anodising, and how it compares with 6061.
- Aluminium 7075Aluminium 7075 (7075-T6), the high-strength zinc alloy: composition, strength, machining, welding limits, corrosion and uses in aerospace and high-stress parts.
- FG 260 grey cast ironFG 260 grey cast iron (IS 210): what the grade number means, typical properties, equivalents (GG25, EN-GJL-250), and uses for machine beds, housings and pump bodies.
- SG iron 500/7SG 500/7 ductile (spheroidal graphite) iron from IS 1865: strength, elongation, hardness, equivalents (GGG50, EN-GJS-500-7), and uses compared with grey iron.
- Phosphor bronzePhosphor (tin) bronze such as PB1 and PB2: composition, wear and bearing properties, equivalents, and uses for bushes, bearings, worm wheels and pump parts.
More pages are being added. See also: Kinds of job work · Machine types
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